Schumpeter, Kuhn, and the Nature of Value

To ask what is 'valuable' as a generality is an empty question. The nature of value lies within each individual according to their circumstances, i.e. 'My kingdom for a horse.' In Schumpeter and Kuhn we see two very different manifestations of the process of valuation involving a notion of value coming very close to 'necessary'.
In Schumpeterian economic terms, commodities are valuable (capable of market comparison with other valuable entities). That capability drives the circular flow economy. In those terms value is the answer to a two part question. What is valuable? And how valuable is it? Keeping close to home in his analysis, his notion of valuable is a tautology: a commodity is valuable and what is valuable is a commodity. Given the philosophical nature of the question, it is a necessary tautology for an economist. Once an entity has been found valuable, necessary to the point of purchase, then the market answers the second question: how valuable is it in relation to other necessities or to place market function in context, how scarce is it?
In Kuhnian abstract terms, value is a datum that 'means' something, that has a direct connection to a paradigm and a set of rules. It can be a positive value, a predicted result, or a negative value, Kuhn's famous anomaly. Necessity applies in both cases. The discovery of the Higgs boson was a necessity to confirm physics theory. Any other result would have been an anomaly and a necessity to undermine current theory. So, meaningful data are either necessary, valuable, or unnecessary, trivial to use the term scientists use. There is no market in science but the question, how valuable, is left to individual judgment and consensus in the field, a market function without the money valuation. This is why Kuhn is so concerned with incommensurability, being incapable of comparison. Markets routinely value the scarcity of incommensurate commodities in money amounts. Scientists do not so value data and paradigms.
The marketplace of ideas is an old phrase referring to the valuation of paradigms. It is a misnomer. Markets require money, a value calculus allowing relative valuation in a market. Money definitively characterizes the relative scarcity of items like apples and oranges, to use the old illustration. Language, even rigorous language, although a rudimentary value calculus capable of assigning value and comparing data, cannot do that precisely. With language, it is all judgment and consensus.
Money and monetization define the limits of language. That which is beyond the mediating capability of language is properly subject to monetization. Kuhn, with incommensurable, defines that philosophically. He reached the limits of language, of thought. Schumpeter. working within a restricted frame that did not account for money as a value calculus assigning relative scarcity across necessary commodities in a market, consequently and brilliantly recorded interesting economic phenomena, i.e. swarms of entrepreneurs, without quite 'seeing' what he was noticing. He had reached the limits of market analysis without realizing it.
So, these two great minds, approaching the phenomenon of catastrophic change from two radically different directions agree that such events occur regularly, metaphysically in Kuhn's linguistic paradigm shift, economically in Schumpeter's monetary creative destruction. These two universes met in agreement to the existence of a phenomenon across a great divide of language, thought and reality.